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Recursion in Python is when a function calls itself to solve a smaller version of the same problem. Every recursive function needs a base case that stops the calls and a recursive case that moves toward it; without a base case Python stops with RecursionError after about 1,000 calls. This guide shows how Python recursion … Read more >>
Regular expressions in Python are patterns for finding, checking, extracting and replacing text, and they are provided by the built-in re module. re.search(r”\d+”, text) finds the first number in a string, re.findall() returns every match, and re.sub() replaces them. This guide covers every re function, the pattern syntax, groups, greedy and lazy matching, flags, lookarounds, … Read more >>
When I build a small reporting script, I often receive an unfamiliar object from a library, API response, or custom class. I need to know what that object contains before I can use it safely. Rather than guessing method names or digging through code first, I use the Python dir() function. The dir() function gives … Read more >>
When I build a small reporting script, I often need a fast way to organize related details. For example, an employee record may need a name, department, email, and monthly sales figure. Keeping those values in separate variables becomes messy quickly. That is where the Python dict() function helps. It creates a dictionary, which stores … Read more >>
When I build small automation scripts, I often create objects to hold temporary report data—such as a customer’s draft notes, an API token, or a calculated status. Once that information is no longer valid, I do not want it sitting on the object and getting reused accidentally. That is where the Python delattr() function helps. … Read more >>
A few years ago, I worked on a small signal-analysis script for a Chicago engineering team. The input data included values such as 12+5j, and the script needed to calculate magnitudes, phase angles, and combined signals. Regular integers and floats were not enough. That is where Python’s built-in complex() function becomes useful. It creates complex … Read more >>
A few years ago, I built a small reporting utility for a sales team in Austin. The team wanted to save simple calculation rules in a configuration file, such as amount * 0.08 for a commission or units * price for a revenue total. Instead of hard-coding every rule, I needed a controlled way to turn those text expressions … Read more >>
When I build small reporting tools, I often need to create the same kind of object from different inputs. One report may come from a CSV file, another from a dictionary returned by an API, and another from values entered in the terminal. Creating separate setup code outside the class gets messy fast. The Python classmethod() function … Read more >>
When I build small reporting scripts, I often need to create clean separators, checkmarks, labels, or encoded text without hard-coding every character. That is where the Python chr() function becomes useful. Give it a number, and it returns the matching character. For example, a CSV cleanup script may need to add a tab character between … Read more >>
You are building a small reporting script for a Chicago sales team. The script accepts a formatting rule from a settings file, then applies it to each sales record. Before calling that rule, you need to know whether it is actually something Python can run. That is where the callable() function helps. I have used it in … Read more >>
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