Remove Newlines From a String in Python (and the \r Trap)

Python remove newlines from a string: the Command Prompt showing carriage returns left behind by replace

To remove a newline from a string in Python, there are two different jobs, and picking the wrong one is why newlines keep coming back: If your text came from a file, a web page or a Windows machine, only that last line is reliable. The reason is \r\n, and it is covered below. Every … Read more >>

How to Write a String to a File in Python

Write a string to a file in Python: Command Prompt output of overwriting, appending and x mode, then the file contents shown with type

To write a string to a file in Python, open the file in write mode and call write(): with open(“file.txt”, “w”, encoding=”utf-8″) as f: f.write(text). Use mode “a” to append instead of overwriting, add \n for new lines, and convert numbers with str() first. This guide covers every way to write a string to a … Read more >>

How to Write a List to a File in Python?

python write list to file

I have spent over a decade building Python applications, from simple automation scripts to complex data pipelines. One task I find myself doing almost every single day is saving data, specifically, taking a Python list and writing it into a file. It sounds like a basic task, but there are several ways to do it … Read more >>

How to Use Escape Sequences in Python

escape sequence in python

When I first started coding in Python more than a decade ago, I often ran into small but frustrating issues. One of them was printing text with quotes, new lines, or special characters. At that time, I didn’t know about escape sequences in Python. Once I learned them, it made my code cleaner and easier … Read more >>

How to Fix ModuleNotFoundError for Matplotlib in Python

no module named matplotlib

You ran your script, and Python hit you with this: ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘matplotlib’ Don’t worry, this is one of the most common Python errors, and it’s almost always fixable in under five minutes. The tricky part is that this error can happen for several different reasons, and the fix depends on which one … Read more >>

How to List Files in a Directory with Python?

List Files in a Directory with Python

As a data scientist working in New York City, I often need to analyze large numbers of data files stored in various folders on my computer. In this tutorial, I will explain how to list files in a directory with Python with suitable examples and screenshots. List Files in a Directory with Python There are … Read more >>

How to Save Matplotlib Subplots to PDF in Python

Save Matplotlib Subplots to PDF Python

Working on a Python data analysis project where I needed to create multiple visualizations for a client report. Each figure had several subplots showing different aspects of the data. The challenge was to save all these subplots in a single, high-quality PDF file for easy sharing and printing. If you’ve ever used Matplotlib in Python, … Read more >>

Save Matplotlib Graph as PNG in Python

Save Matplotlib Graph as PNG in Python

Recently, while working on a data visualization project for a client in New York, I needed to save several charts created using Matplotlib as high-quality PNG files. At first, I assumed it would be as simple as clicking a “Save” button. But when I looked closer, I realized that saving Matplotlib graphs as PNG images … Read more >>

Save Matplotlib Plots as PNG Images in Python

save png python

When I was working with data visualization tools. Matplotlib is one of my go-to libraries when it comes to creating insightful charts and graphs. A common task I often encounter is saving these visualizations as images, especially in PNG format, which is widely used for reports, presentations, and web applications. If you’ve ever wondered how … Read more >>