How to Create a Snake Game in Python Tkinter

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In this Tkinter tutorial, we will learn how to create a popular Snake Game in Python Tkinter. We will create a Snake game in Python from scratch with scores.

Overview of the Snake Game

Snake Game is one of the traditional 2D game that is played by every Millennials.

  • In this game there is a snake who is in continuous motion.
  • Player has to make sure that snake do not hit the walls or shouldn’t collide in itself. Played can control the snake with Right, Left, Bottom, Top keys.
  • The snake starts the moment in right direction by default.
  • There is n object on the screen referred to as ‘food’. Every time snake collides with the food, the food disappeared and snake body size is increased.
  • There is a score for every successful collision of snake with the food.

Source Code

In this code, we have created a Snake game, setup a scoring system.

from tkinter import *
from random import randint
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


movement = 20
steps_per_sec = 10
speed = 1100 // steps_per_sec


class Snake(Canvas):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(
            width=700, 
            height=700, 
            background='#53ff1a', 
            highlightthickness=0
        )

        self.snake_pos = [(100, 80), (80, 100), (80, 100)]
        self.food_pos = self.set_new_food_pos()
        self.direction = 'Right'

        self.score = 0

        self.load_img()
        self.create_objects()

        self.bind_all('<Key>', self.on_key_press)

        self.pack()

        self.after(speed, self.perform_actions)

    def load_img(self):
        try:
            self.snake_body = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('game.png'))
            self.food = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open('game.png'))
        except IOError as error:
            ws.destroy()
            raise

    def create_objects(self):
        self.create_text(
            35, 
            12, 
            text=f'Score: {self.score}', 
            tag='score', 
            fill='black', 
            font=10
        )

        for x_position, y_position in self.snake_pos:
            self.create_image(
                x_position, 
                y_position, 
                image=self.snake_body, 
                tag='snake'
            )

        self.create_image(
            *self.food_pos, 
            image=self.food, 
            tag='food'
            )
        self.create_rectangle(
            7, 
            27, 
            690, 
            690, 
            outline='#d9d8d7'
            )

    def finish_game(self):
        self.delete(ALL)
        self.create_text(
            self.winfo_width() / 2,
            self.winfo_height() / 2,
            text=f'Game over! You have scored {self.score}!',
            fill='black',
            font=20
        )

    def consume_food(self):
        if self.snake_pos[0] == self.food_pos:
            self.score += 10
            self.snake_pos.append(self.snake_pos[-1])

            self.create_image(
                *self.snake_pos[-1], 
                image=self.snake_body, 
                tag='snake'
            )
            self.food_pos = self.set_new_food_pos()
            self.coords(
                self.find_withtag('food'), 
                *self.food_pos
                )

            score = self.find_withtag('score')
            self.itemconfigure(
                score, 
                text=f'Score: {self.score}', 
                tag='score'
                )
    
    def boundry(self):
        head_x_position, head_y_position = self.snake_pos[0]

        return (
            head_x_position in (0, 700)
            or head_y_position in (20, 700)
            or (head_x_position, head_y_position) in self.snake_pos[1:]
        )

    def snake_movement(self):
        head_x_position, head_y_position = self.snake_pos[0]

        if self.direction == 'Left':
            new_head_position = (head_x_position - movement, head_y_position)
        elif self.direction == 'Right':
            new_head_position = (head_x_position + movement, head_y_position)
        elif self.direction == 'Down':
            new_head_position = (head_x_position, head_y_position + movement)
        elif self.direction == 'Up':
            new_head_position = (head_x_position, head_y_position - movement)

        self.snake_pos = [new_head_position] + self.snake_pos[:-1]

        for segment, position in zip(self.find_withtag('snake'), self.snake_pos):
            self.coords(segment, position)

    def on_key_press(self, e):
        new_direction = e.keysym

        all_directions = (
            'Up', 
            'Down', 
            'Left', 
            'Right'
            )
        opposites = (
            {'Up', 'Down'}, 
            {'Left', 'Right'}
            )

        if (
            new_direction in all_directions
            and {new_direction, self.direction} not in opposites
        ):
            self.direction = new_direction

    def perform_actions(self):
        if self.boundry():
            self.finish_game()

        self.consume_food()
        self.snake_movement()

        self.after(speed, self.perform_actions)

    def set_new_food_pos(self):
        while True:
            x_position = randint(1, 29) * movement
            y_position = randint(3, 30) * movement
            food_pos = (x_position, y_position)

            if food_pos not in self.snake_pos:
                return food_pos


ws = Tk()
ws.title('PythonGuides - Snake Game')
ws.resizable(False, False)

board = Snake()

ws.mainloop()

Output:

In this output, snake is moving on the screen and every time it collides with the food object the size of the snake is increased.

  • There is a score tracker on the top left corner of the screen. Every successful collision adds 10 points to the score board.
  • The snake died after colliding with it’s own body and the game is over.
python tkinter snake game
Python Tkinter Snake Game

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In this tutorial, we have learned how to create a Snake game using Python Tkinter.